
Newton's Influence: The Apotheosis of Newton in Art, Francis Haskell The Philosophical Significance of Newton's Science, Dudley Shapere.Philosophical Analysis of Newton's Scientific Achievements: Newton and the Inductive method, Robert Palter Reactions of Late Baroque Mechanics to Success, Conjecture, Error, and Failure in Newton's Principia, C.Newton's Second Law and the Concept of Force in the Principia, I.Newton's Achievement in Dynamics, John Herivel.newton's and Leibniz' Dynamics, Pierre Costabel.Uneasily Fitful Reflections on Fits of Easy Transmission, Richard S.Sources and Strenghts of Newton's Early Mathematical Thought, D.

Newton's Scientific Achievements: Newton and the Theory of Matter, A.

He later wrote that these years were his most fruitful and creative, and recalls in particular that in 1666 he developed the integral calculus, experimentally verified the composite nature of light, and refined his gravitational theory to the point that he was able to satisfy himself through calculation that the earth's gravity holds the moon in orbit. At the beginning of 1665, when Isaac Newton was twenty-three years old, he returned to his native village for a period of two years to escape the plague that had closed down Cambridge University.
